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Introduction
Extraction and purification of plasmid DNA from E.coli can be performed on a small scale,where DNA is extracted from just 1-2 ml of bacterial culture (mini-prep), or from much larger volumes (100 ml Ð maxi-prep; 1 L Ð giga-prep). The procedure requires cell lysis to release DNA (and other cell components including RNA and protein) and then DNA purification. The procedure involves two steps performed over two days:
1^st day Ð Inoculation and growth of the bacteria that contain the plasmid Bacteria are grown in nutrient medium supplemented with antibiotics for 12-16 hours (usually overnight) to amplify the plasmid.
2^nd day Ð DNA extraction and purification
The bacterial cell wall is disrupted by Òalkali-lysisÓ to release DNA which is then separated from the rest of the cellular components. Traditional methods have included the use of organic solvent extractions (e.g. phenol extraction was used for mini-preps) or ultracentrifugation (e.g. CsCl gradient ultracentrifugation for maxi-preps). The most common method these days is the use of commercially available column (see section 3.2.1).

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